什么是Hardware Wallet？Bitcoin指南

01什么是Hardware Wallet？

硬件钱包在受限设备内派生密钥并签署交易摘要。主机提出交易，设备显示其能验证的内容，而备份仍决定能否恢复。

02解决什么问题

将私钥隔离于通用电脑之外的专用签名设备。 [Trezor Learn — What is a hardware wallet?] [BIP 174 — Partially Signed Bitcoin Transactions] [Bitcoin Core — External signer] [Bitcoin Core — HWI project]

03工作原理

硬件钱包在受限设备内派生密钥并签署交易摘要。主机提出交易，设备显示其能验证的内容，而备份仍决定能否恢复。 [Trezor Learn — What is a hardware wallet?] [BIP 174 — Partially Signed Bitcoin Transactions] [Bitcoin Core — External signer] [Bitcoin Core — HWI project]

04信任与验证

必须在设备屏幕核对地址、金额和费用；受控主机可替换地址或隐藏找零。 [Trezor Learn — What is a hardware wallet?] [BIP 174 — Partially Signed Bitcoin Transactions] [Bitcoin Core — External signer] [Bitcoin Core — HWI project]

05权衡

固件、供应链、安全芯片、屏幕完整性和备份处理仍是信任面；仅持有设备并非完整防护。 [Trezor Learn — What is a hardware wallet?] [BIP 174 — Partially Signed Bitcoin Transactions] [Bitcoin Core — External signer] [Bitcoin Core — HWI project]

06实际使用

从可验证渠道购买，自行初始化，测试恢复，保护助记词或份额，并有意管理passphrase和固件更新。 [Trezor Learn — What is a hardware wallet?] [BIP 174 — Partially Signed Bitcoin Transactions] [Bitcoin Core — External signer] [Bitcoin Core — HWI project]

↗结合上下文阅读

要获得更完整的理解，请将本词条与以下词条结合阅读： Cold Storage, Trezor, Seed Phrase, PSBT. 反向关联还来自： BIP 39, HD Wallet, Cold Storage, Watch-only Wallet.