133 / 691MuSig2

MuSig2

A two-round Schnorr multisignature protocol that aggregates several public keys and signatures into one.

MuSig2 is a two-round Schnorr multisignature protocol that aggregates several public keys and partial signatures into one BIP340-compatible signature.

Key coefficients defend against rogue-key attacks during aggregation. [BIP 327 — MuSig2 for BIP340-compatible Multi-Signatures] [Bitcoin Optech — MuSig]

Secret nonces must never be reused; reuse can expose a signer's private key. [BIP 327 — MuSig2 for BIP340-compatible Multi-Signatures] [MuSig2 paper]

On chain the cooperative result can look like one ordinary Taproot key-path spend, but coordination and backup paths remain application responsibilities. [Bitcoin Optech — MuSig] [MuSig2 paper]

Key coefficients defend against rogue-key attacks during aggregation. [MuSig2 paper] [Bitcoin Core — secp256k1 library]

Secret nonces must never be reused; reuse can expose a signer's private key. [BIP 327 — MuSig2 for BIP340-compatible Multi-Signatures] [BIP 340 — Schnorr Signatures]

On chain the cooperative result can look like one ordinary Taproot key-path spend, but coordination and backup paths remain application responsibilities. [Bitcoin Core — secp256k1 library] [BIP 340 — Schnorr Signatures]

Key coefficients defend against rogue-key attacks during aggregation. [MuSig2 paper] [BIP 341 — Taproot]

Secret nonces must never be reused; reuse can expose a signer's private key. [Bitcoin Optech — MuSig] [Bitcoin Core — secp256k1 library]

On chain the cooperative result can look like one ordinary Taproot key-path spend, but coordination and backup paths remain application responsibilities. [BIP 327 — MuSig2 for BIP340-compatible Multi-Signatures] [BIP 341 — Taproot]

Key coefficients defend against rogue-key attacks during aggregation. [BIP 340 — Schnorr Signatures] [BIP 341 — Taproot]

For the clearest picture, read this entry together with Schnorr signature, Taproot, Multisig, PSBT. The reverse links also lead from Schnorr signature, Submarine Swap, FROST, Andrew Poelstra.

DOC · 001BIP 327 — MuSig2 for BIP340-compatible Multi-SignaturesSpecificationDOC · 002Bitcoin Optech — MuSigDocumentationDOC · 003MuSig2 paperPrimaryDOC · 004Bitcoin Core — secp256k1 libraryDocumentationDOC · 005BIP 340 — Schnorr SignaturesSpecificationDOC · 006BIP 341 — TaprootSpecification
Reviewed 1 August 2026Source-first · No investment advice